9/7/2023 0 Comments Congress of vienna italy 1830It followed Napoleon’s failed invasion of Russia in 1812. Then came the war of the Sixth Coalition. Napoleon Defeated Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow, by Adolph Northen, 1851, via National geographic At least as long as his army was far enough from their borders. Furthermore, he had no pedigree, no right to call himself an emperor, and the strength of his army could not change that. A destroyer of monarchies and a grave danger to the old regime. He was a pretender for all the kings, emperors, and czars. Napoleon tried hard to gain allies but failed to understand his position. They signed treaties at the point of French spears but tore them to pieces as soon as possible. But it was not French diplomacy but a simple, pragmatic need that drove them to Napoleon’s side. Most of them were French allies at some point during the wars, such as Prussia and Austria, for example. Its members varied depending on which state had some kind of treaty with France at each moment. Until Napoleon’s first defeat, six anti-french coalitions existed. They supported the overthrown Bourbon monarch with their strength of arms. The French revolution scared all the crowned heads in Europe for obvious reasons. This meant that the Habsburg Emperor Franz II ceased to be the emperor at all because his empire had suddenly vanished.Īllies Against the French Napoleon at the Battle at Rivoli, by Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux, 1844, via Wikimedia Commons Furthermore, Bonaparte dissolved the Holy Roman Empire declaring it non-functional. In some cases, Napoleon created republics under the French protectorate, such as in Switzerland and the new republics in Italy. A similar regime to the French one was created in Spain, where Napoleon’s brother was crowned king. These same ideas spread abroad with Napoleon’s offensive wars. There was new legislation, including the first civil laws based on the ideas born during the revolution. It belonged to the people, and Napoleon as the emperor, ruled over them. However, it was a different regime than the old monarchy. Napoleon Bonaparte named himself the Emperor of the French in 1804.
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